Entrepreneurial Law free essay sample

One approach to do this is to frame study gatherings. The addresses of understudies in your general vicinity might be gotten from the accompanying office: Directorate: Student Administration and Registration PO Box 392 UNISA 0003 If you need a rundown of the names of individual understudies in your locale, it would be ideal if you contact the Unisa Student Support Center at the numbers recorded in your myStudies @ Unisa handout. You can likewise discover data on the different understudy emotionally supportive networks and administrations accessible at Unisa (e. g. understudy guiding, instructional exercise classes, language support) in this leaflet. It would be ideal if you note: myUnisa isn't online educational cost for singular understudies, yet implied for collaboration among understudies and teachers on educational cost matters. Understudies can utilize conversation discussions on myUnisa to speak with different understudies and in the process get data and even take care of educational cost related issues. Teachers will screen understudy correspondence and respond on these occasionally. Talks may take an interest in gathering conversations, make declarations and put data on myUnisa or have conversation discussions on specific days and times when so masterminded with understudies. We will compose a custom exposition test on Pioneering Law or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Understudies who need singular educational cost bolster must contact their speakers by phone, email or post mail. As an enrolled understudy for this module, it is fitting that you attempt to get to myUnisa and the course site in any event a few times each month during the course. We follow a mixed learning approach in this course. This implies you will get study guides, just as other paper-based assets and an online segment in myUnisa where you can take an interest in conversation discussions and access some extra online assets. Your online cooperation in this course is willful. Understudies who can't take an interest won't be off guard or be punished in any capacity. Reason for online conversation discussions in this module The conversation gathering gives you openings where you can: examine and explain basic issues in the branch of knowledge share encounters and thoughts with companions and instructors tackle issues cooperatively banter topical issues bring up basic issues about the point being talked about present the latest improvements in the branch of knowledge get quick criticism on assignments approach extra assets for this course approach extra connections identified with different themes in this subject.

Emotional Intelligence Free Essays

Full scale practice: â€Å"Social work practice planned for realizing upgrades and changes in the general society. Such exercises incorporate a few kinds of political activity, network association, government funded training, crusading, and the organization of expansive based social administrations offices or open government assistance divisions. † (The Social Work Dictionary) Some of the assortments of jobs in full scale practice incorporate the accompanying: empowering agent arbiter, integrator/organizer, senior supervisor, instructor, examiner/evaluator dealer, facilitator, initiator, moderator, mobilizer, and advocate (Kirst-Ashman and Hull). We will compose a custom exposition test on Enthusiastic Intelligence or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Large scale social work is the act of helping individuals tackle social issues and roll out social improvement at the network, hierarchical, cultural, and worldwide levels† (William G. Brueggemann). Given the above definitions, in your 3-4 page, twofold separated composed paper, build up the idea of large scale practice comparative with your picked field of training. Once more, conceptualize large scale practice as two things: (1) as a training strategy with specific abilities and, (2) conceptualized as a work on setting. As a work on setting, one could think about the U. S. Branch of Health and Human Services or the North Carolina State Office of Human Services as a full scale setting, or one could think about the nearby region Public Health Department as those sorts of settings where the essential work is at the large scale level. Social laborers at these levels regularly are not offering direct support to customers and conveying a caseload; there is no immediate gathering mediation work, fundamentally. You job may include the advancement of arrangements being defined, programs being created, and even maybe enactment being drafted by a MSW to help improve administrations and projects for individuals in the country. Put yourself in the job of a social specialist at the large scale level and who is utilizing full scale practice aptitudes to impact arranged changed inside the field of training you chose. For instance, you may be working at the Department of Health and Human Services and your main responsibility is to grow better projects and administrations for grandparents who are dealing with their grandkids on the grounds that the children’s guardians can't think about any number of reasons. You may be working in the Department of Veterans’ Affairs to guarantee that family bolster administrations are remembered for enactment for handicapped veterans injured in Iraq. Talk about the individual social work abilities required, and furthermore consider the hierarchical issues you’ll liable to experience, so as to be an able full scale practice level social specialist. The most effective method to refer to Emotional Intelligence, Papers Passionate Intelligence Free Essays string(239) one of a kind wellspring of data for people about their condition, which educates and shapes their considerations, activities, and resulting sentiments, and there is a developing perspective that feeling data can be utilized pretty much intelligently. Enthusiastic Intelligence? Hierarchical Behavior Tamara Ramsey August 12, 2012 Abstract This paper looks at how passionate insight and subjective knowledge are related with scholarly achievement and occupation execution. Passionate insight keeps on getting energy in the realm of business and the scholarly community. Increasingly more research underpins the idea that sincerely savvy representatives, supervisors, pioneers, and organizations produce observable business results. We will compose a custom exposition test on Enthusiastic Intelligence or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now Businesses are presently searching for passionate knowledge in their potential representatives and pioneers and using evaluations and guided meetings to survey a potential hire’s enthusiastic insight abilities. Research has indicated that passionate insight aptitudes are essential to progress at work. The absence of passionate insight can break or fundamentally moderate a professional’s vocation movement in today’s complex world. A person with passionate insight unquestionably will be a piece of the best in this mind boggling world and will be able to endure its good and bad times with poise and effortlessness, while effectively including an incentive in his/her expert and individual life. What is enthusiastic knowledge? Passionate knowledge (EI) alludes to the capacity to see, control and assess feelings. This idea was right off the bat created in 1990 by two American college teachers, John Mayer and Peter Salovey and they presumed that, individuals with high enthusiastic remainder should learn all the more rapidly because of their capacities. In 1995 another analyst named Daniel Goleman broadened the hypothesis and furthermore made it notable. In his articles and books, he contended that individuals with high enthusiastic remainder show improvement over those with low passionate remainder. The term â€Å"emotional intelligence† appeared in a few logical articles composed by John D. Mayer and Peter Salovey during the mid 1990s. The analysts characterized enthusiastic insight as the arrangement of four sorts of abilities: seeing and communicating feelings, getting feelings, utilizing feelings, and overseeing feelings. These canny distributions helped make ready for the 1995 smash hit Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ and Working with Emotional Intelligence by New York Times conduct science editorialist Daniel Goleman, which carried enthusiastic insight into the standard of business. As per Peter Salovey, executive of the Department of Psychology at Yale University, â€Å"Prior to 1995, just different therapists had known about enthusiastic knowledge. Goleman’s first book made the term a family word (Simmons, 2001). Enthusiastic knowledge gives a huge commitment to our comprehension of connections in the work place. Mayer and Salovey’s conceptualization of enthusiastic insight concentrated on passionate capacities that interface feeling and perception, while different definitions, for instance Goleman’s definition, consolidate social and passionate abilities including some character attributes and mentalities. Mayer and Salovey’s model of passionate insight that incorporates (an) enthusiastic mindfulness, (b) enthusiastic help, (c) enthusiastic information, and (d) enthusiastic guideline. This model underlines that passionate insight is a multi-dimensional build and that these four stages are iterative in that every one of the capacities can add to improving different capacities. For example, in thinking about responses during an emergency circumstance, an individual’s enthusiastic mindfulness can add to a superior comprehension of the feelings in question (Jordan, 2004). Salovey and Mayer proposed a model that recognized four unique components of enthusiastic insight: the impression of feeling, the capacity reason utilizing feelings, the capacity to get feeling and the capacity to oversee feelings. . Seeing Emotions: The first step in quite a while is to precisely see them. Much of the time, this may include understanding nonverbal signals, for example, non-verbal communication and outward appearances. 2. Prevailing upon Emotions: The subsequent stage includes utilizing feelings to advance reasoning and intellectual action. Feelings help organize what we focus and respond to; we react sincerely to things that earn our consideration. 3. Getting Emotions: The feelings that we see can convey a wide assortment of implications. On the off chance that somebody is communicating furious feelings, the spectator must decipher the reason for their resentment and what it may mean. For instance, if your supervisor is acting furious, it may imply that he is disappointed with your work; or it could be on the grounds that he got a speeding ticket on his approach to work that morning or that he’s been battling with his significant other. 4. Overseeing Emotions: The capacity to oversee feelings adequately is a key piece of passionate insight. Directing feelings, reacting suitably and reacting to the feelings of others are exceedingly significant part of passionate administration. (Cherry, 2012) As indicated by Salovey and Mayer, the four parts of their model are, â€Å"arranged from progressively fundamental mental procedures to higher, all the more mentally incorporated procedures. For instance, the least level branch concerns the (moderately) basic capacities of seeing and communicating feeling. Interestingly, the most significant level branch concerns the cognizant, intelligent guideline of emotion† In the book Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman, the focal proposal that he attempts to call attention to is that enthusiastic insight might be a higher priority than I. Q. in deciding a person’s prosperity and achievement throughout everyday life. From the outset I didn’t recognize what Goleman was discussing when he said passionate insight, yet in the wake of perusing the book I need to state that I concur totally with Goleman. One purpose behind my acknowledgment of Goleman’s hypothesis is that scholarly insight has little to do with enthusiastic life. To me, feelings can be similarly as shrewd as your I. Q. There is the possibility of scholastic knowledge having little to do with enthusiastic life. Goleman states that, â€Å"Emotional insight is simply the capacity to spur, continue even with disappointments, manage one’s temperaments and shield trouble from overwhelming the capacity to think. (Goleman, 1995) I feel that scholastic insight gives you no groundwork for the disturbance and openings that life brings. Interestingly, our schools and our way of life are still focused on our scholastic capacities. Despite the fact that passionate insight is another idea, the data that exists proposes it very w ell may be as incredible as I. Q. The previous hardly any decades have seen expanding enthusiasm for feeling research. Albeit much stays to be scholarly, understanding is starting to develop with respect to the way feeling sho

Julius Caesar Brutus An Honor Man Essays - Junii, Julius Caesar

Julius Caesar: Brutus An Honor Man In Shakespeare's play of Caesar Brutus is a backstabber who depicts an individual who favors a republic for Rome. Brutus is an decent man. Numerous characters in the play appear there love for Brutus. Brutus epitomizes his respect from numerous points of view. Brutus is deferential when he is expected to abet his kindred romans. Brutus is a good man. Am I implored to Speak and Strike? O Rome I make thee guarantee, If the change will follow, at that point receivest thy full appeal because of Brutus (Shakespeare 397). Brutus will obey to whatever the romans pass on to him. Therefore, Brutus joins the scheme inorder to help the romans free rome of Caesar. Brutus additionally comprehends that he is risking it just for his romans, in this way Brutus is an respectable man. Brutus is a conscientious man, whose ethics persevere. No not a vow, If not by the substance of men, the toleration of our spirits, the time's misuse If these intentions be feeble, sever betimes, and each man henceforth to his inert bed; So let high located oppression rage on, till each man drop by lottery (Shakespeare 399). Brutus said that if the plotters don't join for a typical reason, at that point there is no requirement for a promise on the grounds that the schemers are affected, and they are serving the romans. In the event that the schemers don't tie together, at that point each man will head out in his own direction, become a weakling, what's more, kick the bucket when it suits the despots inclination. Brutus is advocates harmony, opportunity and freedom, for all romans, which shows that Brutus is a selfless just as a decent man. Brutus likewise had a sympathy for Caesar when he had slaughtered Caesar. On the off chance that, at that point that a companion request why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: Not that I adored Caesar less, yet that I cherished Rome more (Shakespeare 421). Brutus had regarded Caesar yet Brutus felt that Caesar was to aspiring. Brutus additionally felt that Caesar made the romans as slaves. In this way, Brutus is a respectable man. Brutus is a respectable man who was venerated by many. Brutus had joined the intrigue since he wanted to support the ordinary people. He was a devotee of optimism, where the romans would have tranquility, freedom and opportunity. Brutus needed the execute Caesar, since he accepted that the entirety of the individuals of Rome would in the long run be slaves, hence Brutus depended on the death of Caesar. Brutus is a noteworthy man.

Challenges Facing the Criminal Justice System - 2750 Words

Challenges Facing the Criminal Justice System (Essay Sample) Content: Challenges Facing the Criminal Justice SystemMichael ConnollyInstitutionChallenges Facing the Criminal Justice SystemThe law can be referred to as social equalizer. The criminal justice system is a far-reaching and large segment which ensures laws are followed to the letter. This makes citizens to remain loyal to the state. It is the best method of punishing law breakers, and realizing the innocent people. Currently, the criminal justice system is facing challenges from conviction to prosecution of criminals. The defendant is ineffectively presented. There is overcrowding, over loaded prosecutors, unfeasible caseloads with public defenders and much more. These challenges make enormous cases to be reported without convictions or arrestors. Prosecutors fail to concentrate on serious crimes. Lawmakers, attorneys and intellectuals have identified these challenges which require action, discussion and change (Weinstein, 2004). The challenges have put extreme pressure in the criminal justice system, causing misuse of resources, manpower and time.An indigent defendant is encouraged to waive his right to the counsel. These impecunious defendants are mostly not able to secure counsel at all. Lack of counsel has proved to be a serious obstacle in the criminal justice system. Constitutionally, misdemeanour defendants have the right to a counsel. However, most of the jail inmates who were alleged with misdemeanours are not assisted by the counsel. Jurisdictions have failed to fulfill their duty of ensuring misdemeanour defendants are aware of the counsel and their rights to it.Unfortunately, indigent defendants in most jurisdictions do not give informed approval to the waiver of the counsel. Defendants are often given a form with the rights and warnings of the counsel listed. They are expected to sign the form immediately without confirming whether they have understood or not. They are not given a chance to inquire from the officer in charge. Defendants are encouraged to waive their right to the counsel, so that their offense can take place faster. Judges tell defendants that they are free to wait for the counsel, which will take unknown time to respond. This leaves the defendant with the option of proceeding without counsel. Impeded court proceedings are more daunting for the poor defendants in the society. This is because they have to make alternating arrangements for transportation, off-duty and child care. Defendants in custody prefer proceeding without the counsel, as delaying judgment will make live longer in jail, compared to when they plead guilty immediately and are sentenced. This is why most defendants prefer proceeding without help of the counsel (Barack, 2009).Defendants are advised to communicate with the prosecutors directly. This is against the principles and ethics of courts. Court staff instructs defendants to consult prosecutors regarding plea bargaining. This is done before defendants get an opportunity to request h elp from the counsel. The absence of counsel has unexpected repercussions. Misdemeanour conviction is not only devastating for the family, but also the defendant. Imprisonment affects the defendants work, health, reputation and financial status at large (Harcourt, 2001). In fact, misdemeanours conviction may result to loss of employment, deportation, denial of professional license, disqualification of loans, suspension from school and lack of public housing.Public defenders have staggering caseloads which reduce their ability of representing their clients effectively. Even when defendants secure counsel, they are not represented as per the law. Public defenders have unmanageable caseloads, which force them divide resources, time and attention among the cases. Therefore, most defendants are given little or no attention at all. The increase in misdemeanours prosecution has resulted to over-largely cases across the criminal justice system. Several organizations have passed or published caseload standards (Nelesen, 2005). However, most jurisdictions do not meet these standards, whether quantitative or qualitative in nature. It is internationally recommended that defense attorney and public prosecutors should handle maximum of four hundred misdemeanours per year. Clients have rights to be represented competently. Competent representation requires the lawyer to have skills, legal knowledge, and thoroughness and prepare reasonably for the case.Regrettably, it is currently difficult for public prosecutors and defense lawyers to represent their clients adequately due to misdemeanour caseloads in the system. In fact, misdemeanour attorneys handle more than one thousand cases per year. This makes it impossible for them to prepare thoroughly for the cases. A lawyer is expected to interview the client, read arresters report, consult the prosecutor, write memoranda and motions, and attend all court hearings without failure. This becomes impossible considering the time alloc ated to every case. Sometimes it goes to extreme ends where each case is allocated in average of ten minutes, which is practically impossible. The lawyers are entitled to vacation, holidays, sick leaves and all other work off days. This worsens the situation as some cases are not given a single minute of concentration.Ethically, a lawyer should not accept more clients, if he has workload, which might prevent him from providing diligent and competent representation to the present clients. In case the court system is responsible for appointing clients, it is the responsibility of the lawyer to request for a halt. Whenever a lawyer feels he is not providing diligent and competent representation to the client, he should withdraw from the case. Unfortunately, this does not happen practically in the criminal justice system. Prosecutors contest the motion irrespective of the excessive caseloads (Barack, 2009).Apart from the large caseloads, public defenders are paid lowly. More to this, th ere are inadequate resources in the public defender office because of reduction of budget in this sector. All these predicaments increase the probability of lawyers exhaustion. As a result of several attorney burnouts, dedicated and well-trained public defenders depart. In fact, lawyers receive smaller salaries than other prosecution officers. This calls for equality between the prosecution and defense counsel for better results. Attorneys are continuously departing from officers. The voluntary departure is facilitated by the reduction of budget. The budget cuts distress misdemeanour defense greatly. Prosecution officers get as much as fifty percent higher than public defenders. Consequently, public defenders opt for private practice which is better than the government office. They are replaced with new employees from school, leaving the field without experienced personnel, which is doing harm to the public (Weinstein, 2004).Re-characterization of ordinance-violation, traffic offens es and non-violent misdemeanours can reduce caseloads. As a result, serious offences will be taken successfully. Most people go to court for misdemeanour offenses. The exact number of misdemeanour cases reported per year is unknown, because of the difference in data collection methods in each state. However, it is clear that misdemeanour cases are the highest in all nations. This calls for re-characterization of misdemeanours in general. There is a need for change in the local, federal and state governments. The criminal justice system should implement a new system of remedies and civil fines to address less serious offenses which are harmful to the society. This will increase effectiveness and efficiency in this sector.Historically, most undesirable behavior was punishable by taking remedial measures and fines. This is what has currently been criminalized into misdemeanour cases. This includes driving with an expired license, riding on the wrong side, jumping turnstiles, violating games laws and walking set free pets. Common mistakes like excessive noise, sanitary nuisances, open air dramas and obstructive panhandling are overcrowded in courts. It is factual that these offenses are disruptive to the society. However, policies to punish the offenders should be implemented to ensure they do not queue in the court forever (Ehrenreich, 2009).It is totally possible in some jurisdictions for a citizen to lose public scholarship, be denied professional license, or lose public housing as a result of riding a bicycle on the wrong side or walking unleashed dog. This is unethical and inhuman. The most important section of most caseloads is simply driving with expired or suspended license. These licenses are suspended for lack of insurance, failing to appear in court, lack of parking tickets and failing to pay for broken back lights. Specific charges for each offense make payments unfeasible. Defendants are expected to pay the fines to get back their licenses. This force s them to look for other transport means or opt to use public means, which is ineffective to them. No-violent persons with minor or no criminal history should not be jailed for driving with expired or suspended license. Violent offenders or those with devastating criminal history are the ones who deserve imprisonment. The criminal justice system should not criminalize minor infractions as this causes the increase in caseloads.Reducing prosecution of trivial misdemeanour cases will not only improve the overburdened caseloads, but also quality representation of all parties. These minor offenses take courts time as well as recourses. This is evident in sending notices, longer calendars and multiple hearings which require resources. Additionally, arresting officers are forced to waste a lot of time in the minor cases at the expense of serious cases. Re-classifying minor offenses will improve the criminal justice system, as this will allow pros...

George bush Essay - 1691 Words

I. INTRODUCTION Bush, George Herbert Walker (1924- ), 41st president of the United States (1989-1993), president at the end of the Cold War between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Bush also organized an unprecedented global alliance against Iraq during the Persian Gulf War of 1991, but he was less successful in dealing with U.S. domestic problems and was defeated after one term by Bill Clinton in the 1992 election. II. EARLY LIFE Bush was born in Milton, Massachusetts, but grew up in Greenwich, Connecticut. His parents came from wealthy Midwestern families. His father, Prescott Bush, a partner in a leading Wall Street law firm, was a Republican U.S. senator from Connecticut between 1952 and 1963.†¦show more content†¦In 1964 Bush ran for the U.S. Senate against Ralph Yarborough, the Democratic incumbent. Yarborough argued that Bushs views were too extreme, and, like most Republican candidates that year, Bush was defeated in the landslide that accompanied the victory of Texas Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson over U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona in the presidential election. Bushs strong showing in the firmly Democratic state, however, won the attention of a former Republican vice president and U.S. senator from California, Richard Nixon. In 1966, with assistance from Nixon, an affluent Houston district elected Bush to the U.S. House of Representatives, and reelected him in 1968. In the Congress of the United States Bush identified with Republican moderates who were practical and business-oriented, approaches to which his father had subscribed. He won a coveted seat on the powerful House Ways and Means Committee (which has jurisdiction over financial matters), supported the extension of voting rights to 18-year-olds, and voted to abolish the military draft. After two terms, he gave up his seat in the House to run again for the Senate, expecting to take on his old rival Ralph Yarborough. The Democrats, however, nominated a much more moderate candidate instead, former congressman Lloyd Bentsen, who defeated Bush in the fall. Despite his defeat, Bush was just the kind ofShow MoreRelatedGeorge W Bush961 Words   |  4 Pagescharismatic president George W. Bush served his time as the president of the U.S. from 2001-2009. George grew up as the eldest of 6 kids (two sisters, 3 brothers) unfortunately one of his sisters died of leukemia when she was a child. George always was enthusiastic, he was quiet the athlete! He was in football, baseball, rugby, basketball was the head cheerleader! George started presidency fairly young, he was voted class president in 7th grade. Once finished high school George chose to take afterRead MoreGeorge W. Bush And Barbara Pierce Bush Essay2449 Words   |  10 PagesAs the eldest son of George H. W. Bush and Barbara Pierce Bush, George Walker Bush was born on July 6, 1946, in New Haven, Connecticut while his father was an undergraduate student at Yale. By the time George was two, the family had moved to West Texas, where his father started working in the oil industry There his father made a fortune in the oil business. When the Bush family first moved to Midland, they bought a house at 405 East Maple, among a cluster of tiny colorful houses in a developmentRead More George Herbert Walker Bush and George Walker Bush Essay3210 Words   |  13 PagesSon - George Herbert Walker Bush and George Walker Bush Although all individuals are unique no matter how closely related they might be, sometimes their similarities over shadow their differences, and yield a very interesting combination of events that almost have a deja vu effect on its audience. The Bush family serves as the perfect illustration for this phenomenon. From their family history and business life, to their life as the Presidents of the United States, Bush SeniorRead MorePresident George W. Bush898 Words   |  4 Pagesthat made the country worse and our economy decline is George W. Bush. He was the United States president from 2001 to 2009. George W. Bush was one of the worst United States presidents for many reasons, but the top three on my long list are first and foremost his decision to start the war on Iraq, second his support of the Military Commissions Act, and last but not least his handling of the Hurricane Katrina disaster. President George W. bush made the decision to go to war with Iraq just months afterRead MoreLife Of George W. Bush1397 Words   |  6 PagesLife of George W. Bush George W. Bush was born in July 6, 1946, in New Haven, Connecticut; George W. Bush was the 43rd president of the United States. He won the Electoral College vote in 2000, in one of the closest and most controversial elections in American history. Bush also led the United States response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks and initiated the Iraq War. Before his presidency, Bush was a businessman and served as governor of Texas. George Walker Bush was born on July 6, 1946, inRead MoreThe George W. Bush Administration Essay1505 Words   |  7 PagesThe George W. Bush administration was riddled with many tragic events, from natural disasters to terrorist attacks, and economic hardships that made lasting impressions of the American peoples’ perceptions of our government and the world outside of the United States’ boundaries. The six people who conducted this research, George Shambaugh, Richard Matthew, Roxane C. Silver, Bryan McDonald, Michael Poulin, and Scott Blum, set out to discover how the before mentioned events effected the group unitRead MoreEssay on George W. Bush935 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge W. Bush George Walker Bush is the son of the 41st President George H. W. Bush and Barbara Bush. Born on July 6, 1946, Bush was raised in Houston, Texas and was the oldest of four children. Bush finished his high school years at Phillips Academy, which was an all-male boarding school in Andover, Massachusetts, where he was the head cheerleader during his senior year. Bush went to college at Yale University from 1964 till his graduation in 1968 where he finished with a Bachelor’s degree inRead MoreThe Bush Tax Policy During George Bush Administration963 Words   |  4 Pagespolicy during the George Bush administration. This policy is formally referred to as Bush Administration Tax Policy. The implementation of the policy has had a lot of influence on the economy of the United States of America. In this case, the tax policy has affected the revenues in the country ad also the budgetary issues. Various studies have been undertaken by non-partisan institutions in the country and evaluate the effect of the tax policy that was implemented during Bush administrationRead MorePresident George W. Bush1433 Words   |  6 Pagessocially, September 11 is the day our nation mourned as one. On the same day, our former president George W. Bush formulated one of his most memorable speeches. He not only took this moment to address the severity and despondency of the occasion, but he also took this opportune time to guide our nation on how to recuperate from one of the bloodiest and costliest attacks the United States has ever faced. Bush worked to withdraw the fears and to instill a sense of relief to all the American people. TheRead MoreGeorge W. Bush Administration1195 Words   |  5 PagesThe George W. Bush administration is remarkably renowned for passing a major tax-cuts package, known as the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001, (Bartels, 2005, p. 19). The package postulated a reduction in the federal income tax rates, increment in the child credits, augmented tax-free retirement contributions and the educational savings account, as well as a gradual elimination of the US estate tax. The entire tax package was to cost the US Treasury over $1.3 trillion (excluding

Ethical Analysis of the Parable of the Sadhu Essay

Ethical Analysis of the Parable of the Sadhu The Parable of the Sadhu is a story of men climbing the Himalayas that run into a moral dilemma. These are not just any men. These are groups of men from many different cultural backgrounds. As they are climbing the mountain they run into a nearly naked Indian holy man that is near death. The moral dilemma comes into play when they are forced to make the decision to backtrack down the mountain to save the man and probably never reach their ultimate goal, or ignore the needs of the desperate man in order to fulfill their personal desires. By looking at the situation and what the men did it is clear that they acted through the ethical thought process of egoism and social contract. They acted†¦show more content†¦Through the ethical thought of social contract, there are rules that are necessary to maintain stable and harmonious social relations among people. The Sherpas, the New Zealanders, and the Japanese all did the bare minimum for the Sadhu. They did this because they be lieved they were bound by a social contract to their fellow man to benefit from the formation of social structures. The hikers were there for the experience of the Himalayas. This was also their sole purpose on the trip and had a social responsibility to the men in the group over the Sadhu, and by that belief they had to respect the purpose of the trip. This meant not getting in the way of the others. With the social contract theory, in life, should we sacrifice doing the right thing because it puts others around us in a discomforting situation? These were the two beliefs that the mountaineers went by. Through Kantanian thought there would be one rule that everyone is required to follow. This rule in the authors mind would be to do the right thing. In this situation through Kantanian thought the man should have been saved because that is the right thing to do. Weather it was because you wanted to or because they had a duty to it, it still should have been done. Since the men clearly didn’t want to do the right thing these men should have acted out of duty, which in Kantanian thought is a greaterShow MoreRelatedThe Parable of the Sadhu by Bowen Mccoy: An Analysis of Ethics967 Words   |  4 PagesThe Parable of the Sadhu by Bowen McCoy Objective The objective of this study is to answer specific questions relating to Bowen McCoys work entitled The Parable of the Sadhu and specifically to examine ethics on both the group and individual level as it is applicable to this situations in McCoys story. Part I The work of McCoy (2009) states that there is a need to identify a specific set of requirements or characteristics to describe the individual that is ethical in the area of leadershipRead MoreAnalyzing the Parable of the Sadhu1559 Words   |  7 Pageswhile helping the Sadhu is clearly not. Action was ethical. However the fact that McCoy feels guilty reflects that he was unable to promote his long term interest. Hence it becomes ambiguous to justify his actions. Kantian Ethics: Should abide by the following 2 principles: *Maxim should become a universal law *Never treat people simply as means to an end but always at the same time as ends in themselves In the parable, Stephen says that the hikers would have treated the Sadhu differently if heRead MoreParable of the Sadhu Essay827 Words   |  4 PagesParable of the Sadhu: Analysis from three general approaches. The Parable of the Sadhu presents a complex situation which action immediate action was necessary. Sadhu, an Indian holy man, was discovered naked and barely alive by a group of multicultural mountaineers during their journey. Each ethnic group did a little to help the Sadhu, but none assumed full responsibility. Their priority was in climbing the mountain rather than carrying Sadhu to the village where other people could help him

The Odyssey And The Pearl Loyalty Essay free essay sample

The Odyssey And The Pearl: Loyalty Essay, Research Paper The Odyssey and The Pearl: Loyalty Loyalty to another individual or to a cause may be an admirable trait, but it can take to either positive or negative effects. In Homer # 8217 ; s epic The Odyssey and John Steinbeck # 8217 ; s novel The Pearl there are characters that show great illustrations of this trait. Penelope in The Odyssey and Juana in The Pearl are the most obvious, although there are many. Penelope stayed loyal to Odysseus while he was on his twenty-year journey and Juana stayed by her hubby through his clip of hurt. Penelope stayed loyal to Odysseus while he was on his twenty-year journey. To guard off suers that were waving for her manus, she made them a promise that every bit shortly as she finished weaving a gift for her male parent, she would take one of their custodies in matrimony. We will write a custom essay sample on The Odyssey And The Pearl Loyalty Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nightly, unbeknownst to the suers, she would unravel her work, so that she could stay faithful to Odysseus. Besides, Penelope promised her manus to the suer who could run into a trial. Penelope # 8217 ; s trial was to threading Odysseus # 8217 ; bow and so hit an pointer through the oculus of 12 ax grips. Penelope knew that merely Odysseus could carry through this undertaking. By making this, she avoided holding to get married one of the suers. Staying loyal to Odysseus brought approximately positive effects to Penelope. She was reunited with her beloved hubby Odysseus. Kino # 8217 ; s married woman Juana stayed by her hubby through his clip of hurt. Although it was her belief that the pearl was an portent of immorality, she loyally stayed at her hubby # 8217 ; s side. Juana remained loyal to Kino even after he had viciously beaten her. She knew that she had brought it upon herself and it was her topographic point to accept the whipping. Besides, Juana vowed non to go forth her hubby # 8217 ; s side when he decided to fly from the town after slaying one of the townsfolk. She made the unreliable journey with her hubby across a desert seeking to outrun the work forces that pursued them. Negative effects were the result of Juana # 8217 ; s trueness to Kino. Her trueness caused her to lose all that was common and beloved to her, including her lone kid. Loyalty to another individual or to a cause may be an admirable trait, but it can take to either positive or negative effects. Penelope stayed loyal to Odysseus while he was on his twenty-year journey and Juana stayed by her hubby through his clip of hurt. Penelope refused to remarry while Odysseus was on his long absence, and Juana neer left Kino # 8217 ; s side. Loyalty is a trait found in most worlds, and if used in moderateness can hold really positive effects.

Mortal Pursuit Essays - English-language Films,

Mortal Pursuit Trish Robinson- She is a rookie cop that entered the police force for about a week. She has not done very much for her first week being a cop, but today she would never imagine what she had to go through. On the first day of her second week she get yelled at by her captain for being late, so he assigns her to go along with an experienced cop on a night watch. From the very firs minute that the cop meets her, he can tell that she is very special, and he knows that she will become a really good cop. Ally Kent- She is a little girl that is being held hostage at her own home along with her family, and her parent's friends. She is only 15 years old but she is very smart, and very mature for her age. Through out the whole ordeal she quickly becomes a victim and almost gets raped by the headman of the whole operation. Until Trish and her partner come to the house, Ally becomes a really good friend of Trish Robinson. Cain- He is the terrorist that has broken into the Kent household for the evening, him and his killing-crazy buddies have made the house a battlefield. He had plans to rob the Kent's and make a couple of deals with Mr. Kent. Not until Trish Robinson shows up he knows the true meaning of hatred towards another person, but he also learns that it's going to be really hard to get rid of her. PLOT SUMMARY Its just another routine patrol for Trish Robinson and her partner Wald. Everything was going good until they both responded to a prowler watch outside of the Kent estate, in the mean time Cain and his deadly killers are plotting to trap the Kent's and their guests inside their beautiful home. On the way to the Kent's house Wald is reassuring Trish that there's nothing to worry about and that she will be fine, and usually when someone is reporting a prowler outside their home its an animal or something. It makes her feel better, but if they only knew what they were really getting into. They come to find that the Kent's are being held hostage. They kill Wald soon after that, and they put Trish in the trunk of the patrol car and dumped both of them in the lake. Somehow Trish figured out a way of getting out of the trunk, and she just had to go back and rescue everyone, even thought she knew that she could get killed in the process. She especially had to rescue Ally, and only because she reminded Trish of a childhood friend that she had that got killed by Cain, 16 years earlier. Through out the book, her and Ally came really close to getting killed by Cain and the rest of his killers. In the end, they both succeeded and they were able to save everyone that was worth saving. OPINION OF BOOK I really enjoyed this book because at the beginning of the book it was kind of like every other book that you have ever read, and then it started to get really interesting. It was really suspenseful, and it really kept me on the story. It was one of those books that you wish that you had the whole time in the world to actually be able to read it, and actually keep reading it. And it was also one of those books that you wish that they would go on forever, and that they should make it into a movie, but then again all the movies are the same. Other than that I really enjoyed the book, and I recommend it to anyone that likes this kind of book.

Writing Secondary Essays

Writing Secondary Essays Secondary essays are personal statements required of medical students by admissions directors to fill in the blanks. Having already written primary statements on such topics as education and/or personal goals, many students use the secondary statement as a way to beef up their application overall. For more information regarding secondary statements, I encourage you to read on. Like personal statements, secondary essays are not simple to compose. Many students, as a matter of fact, find secondary papers more difficult to write due to the fact that they require a more personal approach. Questions such as Where do you hope to be in ten years and What effect would you like your career goals to have on the medical community are commonly used in secondary statement guidelines. Before writing your secondary essay, it is important to take some time in order to properly evaluate the question asked. If, for instance, the application requires you to answer a question regarding your educational selection, do some research on the school itself. Think less about what you believe the review board wants to hear and more about how you honesty feel so that when you begin to write your answer, it will come straight from the heart. Secondary essays might just be some of the most difficult compositions to write. That been said, dont get frustrated if you find the overall process arduous and/or emotionally taxing. In the meanwhile, if you would like more information regarding med school secondaries and/or med school application essays, please access the link provided.

How the iPhona Changed Modern Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How the iPhona Changed Modern Economics - Essay Example According to the company, an estimated 200,000 iPhones were pre ordered the very day that the phone went on sale in the country and another 400,000 were sold on that day. The company was able to attract so many buyers because of the popularity that the phone had gained over the Chinese market because of the sale of its previous model, which had further excited a wider consumer base. Even though the phones are more expensive, they offer better features as well as data services which have attracted.In economic terms, it is clear and evident that this particular phone has appealed a great deal to at least half of the Chinese market because more and more people have bought it at the price at which it was launched. The iPad was also released in China and went on sale at a fast pace as well. However, the crux of the matter remained that the iPhone’s demand exceeded the supply that the company was able to give to the people. This goes to show that there was an extension of demand in the particular commodity at the same or even higher price. Since the iPhone 4 was costlier than the previous version, an extension (and not just an increase) in demand can be noticed here in economic terms which means that there is movement along the demand curve.As per the article, â€Å"As of the second quarter, Apple was the fifth-largest smart phone vendor in China with 7.1% of shipments, according to Beijing research firm Analysys International. Nokia Corp. had the largest share with 26.7%.†Ã‚  

Accounting Book Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Accounting Book Report - Essay Example The text has occupied the number one selling slot for a long time on the topic. Now in its 10th edition, the text contains a wealth of conceptual analysis of the International Financial Reporting Standards foundations. Finally the 6th edition of Gray’s and Black’s text primarily treats international corporate strategies along with an emphatic analysis of decision making in an ever increasingly complex international environment of corporate culture. They delineate international accounting standards and practices in a vivid manner so that cultural factors affecting international standards are lucidly explained with IFRS framework as the basis of reference. This edition with Black as co-author has set a new standard in the international financial accounting sphere. The book International Accounting: A Global Perspective by Iqbal, Melcher, & Elmallah provides the reader with a detailed analysis of international accounting principles and then extensively discusses international issues relevant to accounting and finance. Its global perspective analysis cuts across international barriers to achieve a well balanced overreach in international accounting. The book contains very incisive perspectives on the global market place free from prejudice and bias. While its strength concerning elucidation and enlightenment lie in the global culture approach, there is also an additional advantage associated with its treatment of international accounting as a more diverse professional study. (b). Managerial accounting consists of budgeting, costing, foreign investment analysis, transfer pricing, performance evaluation and control, operational auditing, information systems and foreign exchange risk management. Though international finance also receives a fairly enough percentage of analysis in the book, the subject is confined to multinational organizations’ operational bases and not to the overarching domain of

The Definition of an Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Definition of an Organization - Essay Example The researcher states that goals are specific, measurable and timely targets that each organization has put forward to improve its status quo. In order to realize the mission, vision, and goals, it is vital that all the stakeholders work as a team. The management ensures that every employee understands the goals clearly and that each is working towards their realization. The shared mission, vision, and goal are achieved through monitoring and evaluation. The management has a role of monitoring the performance of every employee in an effort to know whether they are working in the right direction. Any activity that employees engage in must be geared towards the achievement of the organization’s goals. With the shared vision, mission, and goals, an organization is able to avoid confusion and conflicts. It also fosters discipline in the workplace and providing employees with a sense of direction. Through evaluation, goals could be readjusted when it is determined that they are not in line with the mission and vision of an organization. The management may measure the performance of an organization from time to time in order to know whether the goals have been achieved, and make any necessary recommendations. With the shared vision, mission, and goals, many organizations ensure that decision-making process is inclusive in nature. The relevant internal and external stakeholders are included in the decision-making processes. Allowing all the relevant stakeholders to take part in the decision-making processes has been associated with the reduction of conflicts in an organization. In his theory of change, Lewin indicated that lack of inclusiveness in decision-making was the major cause of resistance to change. The stakeholders have a right to know the changes that the management seeks to introduce and their importance. In most cases, resistance to change is caused by the fear of unknown, and vested interests.

Neo-Nazis :: essays research papers

Neo-Nazis When three bombs exploded in London in Spring 1999, targeting the capital’s black, Asian and gay communities, the threat of Neo-Nazi terrorism finally seemed to have become a reality. The Neo Nazis who are more commonly know by the term "Skin Heads,† are a growing force in hate groups. The German police put the number of active neo-Nazis at 47,000, a 4.5 per cent increase on the previous year. There hatred of Hispanics, Jews, Blacks, and others are now the fastest growing force in America. The younger kids usually do the Skin Head movement. These kids are drawn to the Aryan Nations and Neo Nazis by the promise of free drugs, free booze, heavy metal music, ultimate freedom, and rebellion. Many of these kids stay because of family troubles at home and, like in a gang, feel like they have a family with the group and feel loved. Racism is a certain kind of prejudice, based on faulty reasoning and inflexible generalizations toward a specific group. The word Prejudice comes from the Latin noun praejudicium, which means a judgment based on previous decisions formed before the facts were known. If a person allows their prejudiced beliefs to block the progress of another, it is discrimination. Those who exclude all members of a race from certain types of employment, housing, political rights, educational opportunities, or a social interactions are guilty of racial discrimination. Race hatred, permitted to gain unlimited power, will be disastrous. The state - sponsored genocide perpetrated by Nazi Germany is an example of what happens when people who hate gain power. Hitler's extermination took the lives of six million human beings for no other reason than they were Jewish. It started in little ways, an ethnic joke, stereotyping that was never challenged, then restrictions, loss of jobs, loss of civil rights, loss of voting rights, and the loss of life. The reason why the Ku Klux Klan is separate from the Neo-Nazis and the Skinheads is because the Ku Klux Klan’s hatred and violence is aimed more towards blacks rather than the Neo- Nazis and the Skinheads, whose hatred is, aimed more towards the Jewish people. The Neo-Nazis, sometimes called White Aryan Resistance, is a group that follows under Adolph Hitler’s philosophies, which targets Jewish people. Unlike the Ku Klux Klan, the Skinheads do not join because they believe in the cause. Many join the "gang† to feel apart of something because they feel that they do not belong anywhere else.

Ethiopian Orthodox Christian Religion Essay

Christianity, Islam, Judaism and Paganism are among the principal religions in Ethiopia. Yet, Ethiopia is a chiefly Christian nation whereby most of the Christians are Orthodox Tewahedo Christians (Merahi, 2002). Nevertheless, there are still Christians residing in the country who are either Roman Catholic or Protestant. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church is lead by a patriarch and is associated to the communion of the Armenian Orthodox Church, Malankara Orthodox Church of India, Coptic Orthodox Church, and the Syrian Orthodox Church. Christianity started in Ethiopia upon the arrival of the two Syrian Christians named Frumentius and Aedissius (Meinardus, 2006). They went to Aksum and began to inform people about the Christian faith and Jesus Christ. The two had also persuaded King Ezana, who was the ruler of Aksum during the early fourth century. They became successful in converting the king to become Christian. As a result, the king officially declared Christianity as the chief religion in the entire kingdom in 341 AD. Afterwards, he commanded Frumentius to proceed to Alexandria where he was sanctified bishop having the name of Abba Selama in 346 AD. Frumentius then went back to Ethiopia and was hailed as its first bishop and established the first Ethiopian Church (Meinardus, 2006). With the institution of the Christianity in whole kingdom, Ethiopia became a dominant Christian empire until the fifteenth century. Discussion Ethiopian Orthodox Church is considered as the primordial of all Eastern Christianities though the Armenian Orthodox Church is also termed as the oldest strand of Christianity (Yesehaq, 1997). There are, at any rate, three distinct organizations of Tewahedo Church with their own governments in North America and Addis Ababa, Jerusalem, and even in Europe and Jamaica. Occasionally Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church is referred as Copic for the reason that until before the fifties the leader of Ethiopian Church was chosen from Egypt and this custom was modified when Haile Sellassie ascended the throne (Merahi, 2002). The doctrine of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church is broader than any other Christian associations. The Ethiopian more contracted Old Testament doctrine is consisted of the books included in the Septuagint and recognized by other Orthodox Christians (besides Enoch, Jubilees, 1 Esdras and 2 Esdras, 3 books of Maccabees, and Psalm 151) (Yesehaq, 1997). Nonetheless, the three books of the Maccabees are indistinguishable in label only and rather various in substance from those of the other Christian churches which contained them. The arrangement of the other books is quite diverse from other groups’, in addition. The Church, moreover, has, to some extent, an imprecise wider doctrine that is comprised of more books (Meinardus, 2006). All contemporary written bibles confine themselves to the more contracted canon. Prior to the revolution, there were many Ethiopian clergy since Orthodoxy is generally bestowed in frugal order. Some say that all through the Red Terror, which began in 1975 and lasted for three years, over 200 thousands priests were put to death in Ethiopia. The Ethiopian Orthodox priest is the greatest expression of the distinction involving Western and Eastern Christianity. The Ethiopian Orthodoxy claims that there is only one nature of Christ and such is entirely celestial (Yesehaq, 1997). In effect, the Orthodoxy established to realities, the Material reality, which belong to man; and Celestial or Divine reality, which belong to God. Alongside with the Roman Catholic doctrine and principles, the Ethiopian Orthodoxy does not admit the concept of purgatory and argues that there is only Heaven and hell. Another difference in terms of the history of Christianity in the Roman Catholic Church and the Ethiopian Orthodox Church is that, the latter directly moves away from the earthy matters such as social and political spheres (Marsh, 2004). The Ethiopian Orthodoxy is only concerned about spiritual upbringing and nothing more which is in opposition with how the Roman Catholic Church influenced the founding of the earliest form of government. The Ethiopian Orthodoxy, on the other hand, has been disparaged for its passive character when it comes to politics and government. However, the separation among the social and divine concerns or aspects is an inherent theory and not merely an issue of stratagem and diplomacy. The sole character of Christ is to give emphasis to the idea that there are two realities founded on diverse doctrines (Merahi, 2002). The Orthodox iconography refused to accept the amendment of the art breakthroughs through realism, together with the third dimension point of view. The Orthodox artists believed that God’s time and space are prearranged in a different way from man’s reality (Yesehaq, 1997). The well-known upturned point of view in symbols expressed their consideration that in beatific reality the distant is close and the close is distant. There are various corollaries of the Ethiopian Orthodoxy belief on religion, including the notion of Trinity as well as the philosophy of history. The division between the Western Church and the Orthodox Church is not just about historical such as the thousand years of the Byzantine Empire (Marsh, 2004). However, such is a theological as well as philosophical in thought. There is no way that the Orthodox Church would admit the concept of evolution as how the Catholic Church, in a way, accepts it. In an analysis, there is very modest development entrenched in the Orthodox mindset which is predominantly observed in the Ethiopian Orthodoxy. As how the Orthodox Church expressed the principle, man does not progress gradually. But what is more appropriate to say is that man reaches his full transformation through God’s radical character which He uses to make us updated in every way it may serve for us. In this line of thinking that the Ethiopian Orthodoxy and the Protestant thought are the same (Marsh, 2004). The two regard the role of the Church as one’s personal institution and not merely a social establishment. Having this Orthodox character, the Ethiopian Christianity, on no account, had full-blown â€Å"holy wars† and had been more predisposed to missionary activities (Meinardus, 2006). The Ethiopian Orthodox Church co-existed with various leaders and administrations, lived alongside with pagans and Muslims and had no record of rectification or â€Å"religious wars† as how the Western Christianity underwent (Marsh, 2004). Summary To sum up, the Ethiopian Orthodox (Tewahedo) Christian religion has been regarded as one of the most foremost strands of the Christian religion. Though many of its features as well as its character have an enlarged difference in relation with other strands of Christianity such as the Roman Catholic Church and the Protestantism, it still goes with the principle of one all-powerful and absolute God. The great differences revealed between the Western Christianity and the Eastern Christianity are said to be observed in the entirety of the Ethiopian Orthodoxy. While the Western Christianity is hailed as one of the foundations of government primarily in the European regions, the Eastern Christianity, particularly the Ethiopian Orthodoxy, remained distant with the workings of politics and societal affairs. The Orthodoxy reveals itself as a religious organization which holds no concern on political activities in opposition with how the Western Christianity does. For the Ethiopian Orthodoxy, religion is something which is very personal. With this, Ethiopian Orthodoxy lasted for so may years surpassing other religious associations without undergoing intricate changes and amendments.

Inequality in Aviation Law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2180 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Research paper Level High school Tags: Inequality Essay Did you like this example? Research Proposal: 1. Title: Legal and institutional obstacles to international commercial aviation cargo claims against shippers, consignees and parties claiming under their title. 2. Background and outline of the research problem: The fact that the exchange of goods and services is an important aspect of human life is beyond controversy; that activity dates back to history as attested by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“trade by barterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  during the stone ages; in modern times, countries of the world are not equally endowed with human and natural resources, more importantly, the economic principle espoused by comparative advantage on one hand, the free market economy and globalization on the other, has made international trade and inter-governmental commercial transactions, an indispensable aspect of human life. The aviation industry could aptly be described as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“gate-way to the global economyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  due to the value and volum e of goods carried by air which accounts for a sizeable bulk of trade and commerce between nations of the world. To lend credence to the above assertion, it is necessary to emphasize the fact that Trade and Commerce have become internationalized which of course makes carriage of goods by air, indispensable. The air transport industry plays a major role in world economy; the industry is fundamental for growth and development as well as a springboard for quality human life, a necessary element to maintain a smooth flow of air transportation in order to reap the immense benefits thereof, is to ensure equitable and a balanced terms of contract to the parties and stake holders involved in the global transaction. The extant inequality amongst the parties in aviation transportation transactions is the principal issue which this research sets out to critically examine. 3. Literature review and reasons for choosing the topic As highlighted above to the effect that comparative advant age and globalization has internationalized trade and commerce, carriage of goods by air is one of the veritable vehicle or conduit pipe towards the actualization of international trade, however, there are concerns across the globe regarding the almost insurmountable legal and institutional hurdles faced by cargo interests when cargo loss or damage arises; the multiplicity of the rules militating against successful cargo claims either by litigation or through Alternative Dispute Resolution methods are diverse, nay, various jurisdictions apply various rules embodied in the contract of air carriage. Though it is an unassailable fact that international trade is facilitated through aviation but there is no uniform rule regulating the global contract of air carriage, in effect, rather than have one rule applicable internationally, three carriage regimes namely the Warsaw, Guadalajara and Montreal as well as several amendments in the form of protocols are in operation depending on whic hever of the rule a cargo carrier chooses and which country has ratified any of the conventions; cargo interests thus have no choice than abide with the carriersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ choice, aside from above, many of the provisions of the afore stated carriage regimes were drafted in a way that present difficulties of judicial interpretation; be that as it may, the practical application of the rules concurrently had fettered and continue to do incalculable damages to free trade, this development in essence engenders uncertainty and prompts avoidable and needless litigations worldwide. It is on this note that this research intends to embark on a beneath-the-surface analysis of aviation cargo claims so as to bring to the fore the anomalous state of affairs, ipso facto, fill the knowledge interstitial and proceed to make recommendations which hopefully, would redress the myriad of shortcomings of the current global aviation law and practice. 4. Research questions In order to gain i nsight into the lopsided state of international air carriage laws, the following questions shall be investigated in the course of this research: What is aviation cargo claims, what warrants them, what is their nature, source, scope and complexities; why is the onerous burden of proof placed on cargo owners when all the time when damage or loss arises, cargo is not in their custody but in the custody of carrier, warehouse or port authorities; specifically, why is that before a cargo interest can validly institute a meritorious proceedings against the carrier for unlimited sum, he must prove fault on the part of the carrier ditto its servants or agents acting during and within the scope of their employment, what is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“documentationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“long roomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“demurrageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“port surchargeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in aviation transactions, does the foregoing concepts delay cargo shipping and delivery and do they add to the cost of aviation which are ultimately on-passed to hapless consumers and end users of goods transported via air, why is it that the carrier who is in position to weigh or measure cargo, issue air waybill and cargo receipt in that behalf but when dispute arises as to weight of cargo, the cargo owner is irreversibly obliged to prove the weight of the cargo, does the application of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“utmost good faithà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  principle in aviation insurance contracts engender a balanced relationship between the insurer and insured; what is proximate cause, it is settled law, that where there is a loss there is a claim, but does the practical application of restitio in integrum concept in aviation insurance really effective and in the best interest of cargo? What are obstacles to aviation cargo claims, does obstacles to aviation cargo claims inhibits trade between persons, organizations and nation-states and if the answer is in the affirmative, what efforts are b eing made internationally to achieve a uniform rule with respect to mitigating the negative effect of obstacles to aviation cargo claims on international trade and commerce, what is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“carriersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ limitation of liabilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“package limitationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and in whose interest were they inserted into contract of air carriage and what is their effect on cargo interest, why is that the conventions did not prescribe a specific form for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“declaration of special interestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  with respect to value of cargo, why is that if à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“declaration of special interestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is made orally it is invalid, if entered in any other space aside from the designated place on the waybill, it is a nullity, why is that a declaration lawfully made which is unlikely to be seen by the carrier because it appears in an odd place in the waybill authored and issued by the carrier is invalid, what is forum non c onvenience, ditto à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“considerable deferenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“private interest factorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“public interest factorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ? When a cargo claim arises, which of the extant regimes governs the cause of action and who has the right or title to initiate aviation claims and on whom does the burden of liability for loss or damage to cargo rests, what is the length of time allowed to initiate aviation cargo claims; is there uniformity in the time frame allowed internationally, is the said time length equitable or justified in all circumstances warranting their continued imposition, and have they improved or worsen the economic and socio well-being of cargo interests; why is it that there is imposition of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“notice periodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  on cargo interest within which to file cargo claims, the expiry of which said notice period, a suit contemplated by cargo interest no matter how meritorious, becomes statute barr ed, what is the use of notice period, what is their purpose or utility in aviation transactions, do they frustrate genuine cargo claims and do they deny litigants of their constitutional right of access to courts, why is the economic loss occasioned by delay of aircrafts is almost foreclosed to claims, is this the law or custom and practice and for whose benefit is this clause inserted into air carriage contracts? Are there other dispute resolution mechanisms aside from litigation to resolve aviation cargo claims; if so, are the said mechanisms equitable and justifiable in all circumstances, and why is that the conventions governing air carriage did not expressly accord recognition to the settlement of disputes between cargo interests and carriers by arbitration and yet prescribed arbitration of disputes between carriers, what is the meaning of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“exclusive jurisdiction clauseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“choice of location for Arbitration sole determination by the carrier,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  does the right of access to court of choice by cargo interest or Arbitration hampered by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“exclusive jurisdiction clauseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“unilateral choice of location for Arbitration by the carrierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , does enforcement of arbitration clauses in support of air waybill go against third parties claiming under the title of shippers and consignees especially where there are sub-bailment to which the concerned shipper or consignee is not a party ab initio, given the conflicting provisions of the conventions, could a plaintiff recover court costs, interests and other incidental expenses of litigation from a carrier and does the time tested doctrine of law: verba fortius acci piuntur contra proferentem apply to aviation cases? 5. Research design The research is non-empirical; it shall be based on conceptual analysis and the review of relevant literature; and aviation trade by its nature being a cross jurisdictio nal transaction, the study shall majorly be premised on comparative and critical analysis of established legal principles, rules and doctrines. 6. Research methodology Qualitative research approach shall be used the research being a non-empirical one; for the requisite data and information, Conventions, Treaties, Case Law Reports, Journals, Internet, Articles, Historical records, and Textbooks on Aviation Law and global trade shall be used. The contents of the above materials shall be subjected to critical analysis. 7. Structure of Thesis Chapters Chapter 1 : Introduction Chapter 2 : Obstacles arising from carriersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ acts Chapter 3 : Obstacles attributable to airport authorities, warehouses, cargo custodians etc Chapter 4 : Obstacles posed by insurance companies for shippersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and consigneesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Chapter 5 : Obstacles for third parties claiming under shippers and consignees titles Chapter 6 : International tr ade and Aviation Law Chapter 7 : Steps towards unification of International Aviation Law Chapter 8 : Conclusion Delineations and limitations This research shall only consider cargo claims carried by common carriers via international air routes and covered by the carrierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Air Waybill. 8. References 8.1: Legislation Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation 1944 Guadalajara Convention 1961 Guatemala City Protocol 1971 Hague Protocol 1955 Montreal Additional Protocol Number 1975 Montreal Convention 1999 Montreal Protocol 1978 Rome Convention 1952 Warsaw Convention 1929 8.2: Case Law Antwerp United Diamond BVBA v Air Europe [1993] 4 All ER 469 Connaught Lab. Limitedv. British Airways,Ontario Court of Appeals (2005) 77 OR 3(d) 34 Corocraft Ltd v Pan-American World Airways [1969] QB 616, 631 Delta Air Lines, Inc. v. Chimet, S.P.A. (3d Cir. (Pa.) Aug. 30, 2010) Gatewhite Ltd. et.al. v. Iberia Lineas A eras de Espena S.A., [1989] 1 All ER 944, Gilchrist Watt Sanderson Pty Ltd v York Products Pty Ltd [1970] 1 WLR 1262 Goldman v Thai Airways International Ltd [1983] 3 All ER 693 Green Computer ABv.Federal Express Corp. et al.,2004 FCA 111 Hosaka v. United Airlines Inc 305 F3d 989 Markham Meat Industries Supplies Inc.v.Air France,(1998) No.98-BN-01639 (OCGD) MDSI Mobile Data Solutions Inc.v.Federal Express,2003 BCCA 9 Morris v CW Martin Sons Ltd [1966] 1 QB 716 Muoneke v. Compagnie Nationale Air France 2009 WL 1311579 (C.A.5) (Tex) Nuvo Electronics Inc.v.London Assurance et al.,2000 CanLII 22388. Oà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢gray Import Export v. British Airways PLC (D. Md. May 4, 2007). Notice Proctor v Jetway Aviation (1982) 2 NSWLR 264, 271 (SC (NSW)); Rothmans of Pall Mall (Overseas) Ltd v Saudi Arabian Airlines Corp [1980] 3 All ER 359 Sed contra Rustenburg Platinum Mines Ltd v South African Airways [1979] 1 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 19 SS P harmaceutical Co Ltd v Qantas Airways Ltd [1991] 1 Lloyds Rep 288 (CA (NSW)) Tasman Pulp Paper Co Ltd v Brambles JB Oà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Loghlen Ltd, [1981] 2 NZLR 225 Timeny v British Airways plc (1991) 56 SASR 287 Uniden v. Federal Express US District Court, MDPenn, 20 Avi 17, 433 UPS Supply Chain Solutions, Inc. v. American Airlines, Inc. (N.D. Ill. Aug. 14, 2009). Notice Westminster Bank v. Imperial Airways Kingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bench Division, XLLR, 1936, 242 8.3: Literature Books I. H. Ph. Diederiks Verschoor, An Introduction to Air Law, 8th revised edition, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 2006. P. S. Dempsey M. Milde, International Air Carrier Liablity: The Montreal Convention of 1999 (Montreal: McGill University, Institute of Air and Space Law, 2005) P.P.C. Haanappel, The Law and Policy of Air Space and Outer Space, The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2003. Paul B. Larsen, John Gillick, Joseph Sweeney: Aviation Law: Cases, Laws and Related Sources: Second Edition Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2012 Peter Martin, et al., Air Law, Vol. 1, 4th edition, London: Butterworths, 1977. Journals Air Space Law The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International Air Space Lawyer American Bar Association, USA Air Law Review New York University, USA Annals of Air and Space Law Institute and Centre of Air and Space Law, Faculty of Law, McGill University, Montreal, Canada B. Allan I. Mendelsohn, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Warsaw Convention and Where We Are TodayÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¸, Journal of Air Law and Commerce, Vol. 62, 1996 1997, pp. 1071 1082 Frederick B. Lacey, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Recent Developments in the Warsaw ConventionÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¸, Journal of Air Law and Commerce, Vol. 33, 1967, pp. 385 401. Issues in Aviation Law Policy DePaul University College of Law, Illinois, USA J. C. Batra, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Modernization of the Warsaw System Montreal 1999ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢ €šÂ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¸, Journal of Air Law and Commerce, Vol. 65, 1999 2000, pp. 429 444. Journal of Air Law and Commerce Southern Methodist University School of Law, Texas Westlaw Journal: Aviation Nicholas Sullivan, Thomson Reuters, USA Paul Stephen Dempsey: The Role of the International Civil Aviation Organization on Deregulation, Discrimination, and Dispute ResolutionÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¸, Journal of Air Law and Commerce, Vol. 52, 1986 1987. Internet www.icao.org www.admiraltylaw.com www.aviation.lawyer.com www.aviationlawadvisor.com Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Inequality in Aviation Law" essay for you Create order